Perspectives can be used as a tool for looking at problems and contexts. They allow the user to see connections and contexts which may have previously gone unnoticed.
Perspectives can be thought of as a mental framework applied to another concept. Applying frameworks to concepts mean that perspective are relatively nebulas and conceptual.
The easiest way to think about perspectives is to look at a situation though the eyes of someone else. If I was a classical composer for instance I might try to think about the perspective of a punk rock fan while listening back to my composition. What would that person be thinking, feeling, what connections and context would they bring. With this new look at my work I have a deeper understanding of the impact the piece could have. I may decide that the whole piece could use more energy or maybe I found that the punk rocker may enjoy this piece too much and I need to dial it back.
Perspectives however do not need to be limited to individuals. What is the cars perspective on the driver? what is the plans perspective of the work?
The business, IT and software development world provides many useful perspectives which can be use to look at situations both in and out of that environment.
The Agile Methodology can provide insight in the capacity for a concept to change and how it may iteratively improve. An agile perspective to hydration for instance may make clear a need for multiple sprints throughout the day in which a certain amount of water is consumed.
data modelling and structures give us new perspective on the way information is organised. How might we look at our personal friendships from a data perspective? does this lead to any useful insights?
A perspective which I use often is business analysis. BA is quite a large domain but it provides a valuable insight into the who, what, where, why and how of any particular situation. Similarly we might use process design as a perspective to look at how people and places organise around progress.